What a 10th grader learns in math and reading

10th grade · Geometry · the Common Core skills, in plain words · updated 2026-11-02

This is the whole list: 47 math skills and 12 reading skills a 10th grader is expected to learn, with the Common Core code next to each one. In math, 10th grade is mostly g-co, g-srt, s-cp. In reading, the weight is on language and literature.

Math: 10th grade (Geometry)

G-CO

• Precise definitions G-CO.A.1 — Say exactly what makes it: points, lines, a distance or an angle.
• Moves as rules G-CO.A.2 — Apply the rule to the point: add to x, add to y.
• Shapes onto themselves G-CO.A.3 — A regular shape with n sides: n lines of symmetry, and a turn of 360 ÷ n.
• Defining rigid moves G-CO.A.4 — A flip line cuts PP′ in half at a right angle. A turn keeps the distance to the center.
• Rotating points G-CO.A.5 — A quarter turn swaps x and y and flips one sign. A half turn flips both signs.
• Moves and congruence G-CO.B.6 — Slides, turns and flips keep size and shape. A stretch does not.
• Congruent triangles G-CO.B.7 — The letters match in order: A with D, B with E, C with F.
• Congruence shortcuts G-CO.B.8 — Count the marks: three sides (SSS), two sides and the angle between (SAS), two angles and the side between (ASA).
• Line and angle theorems G-CO.C.9 — Alternate and corresponding angles are equal. Same-side interior angles add to 180°.
• Triangle theorems G-CO.C.10 — Angles add to 180°. Equal sides face equal angles. The midpoint segment is half the base.
• Parallelogram theorems G-CO.C.11 — Next-door angles add to 180°. The diagonals cut each other in half.
• Compass constructions G-CO.D.12 — Arcs of the same size from two points cross on the line of points equally far from both.
• Shapes in circles G-CO.D.13 — All the way round the center is 360°. Share it among the sides.

G-SRT

• Dilating figures G-SRT.A.1 — Multiply every length, and every coordinate from the center, by the scale factor.
• Similarity by moves G-SRT.A.2 — Similar: all angles match and every side is scaled by the same number.
• AA similarity G-SRT.A.3 — Two matching angles make the third match too: the angles add to 180°.
• Side splitter theorem G-SRT.B.4 — A line parallel to one side cuts the other two in the same ratio.
• Similar triangles G-SRT.B.5 — Find what the first side was multiplied by. Multiply the other side by the same.
• Trig ratios G-SRT.C.6 — sin = opposite over hypotenuse. cos = adjacent over hypotenuse. tan = opposite over adjacent.
• Sine and cosine partners G-SRT.C.7 — The two small angles of a right triangle add to 90°. The sine of one is the cosine of the other.
• Solving right triangles G-SRT.C.8 — Two sides known: Pythagoras. An angle and a side: sin, cos or tan.
• Special right triangles G-SRT.C.8.1 — 30-60-90: short leg s, long leg s√3, hypotenuse 2s. 45-45-90: legs s, hypotenuse s√2.

G-C

• All circles similar G-C.A.1 — Lengths grow by the scale factor. Areas grow by its square.
• Circle angles G-C.A.2 — An inscribed angle is half the arc it cuts off. A radius meets a tangent at 90°.
• Quadrilaterals in circles G-C.A.3 — In a quadrilateral with every corner on a circle, opposite angles add to 180°.
• Arcs and sectors G-C.B.5 — Find the whole circle first. Then take the fraction: 90° is a quarter, 180° is a half.

G-GPE

• Circle equations G-GPE.A.1 — Complete the square for x and for y. The number on the right becomes r².
• Focus and directrix G-GPE.A.2 — x² = 4py: the focus is p above the vertex and the directrix p below.
• Coordinate proofs G-GPE.B.4 — Use slopes for right angles and parallels, the distance formula for lengths.
• Parallel and perpendicular G-GPE.B.5 — Parallel: same slope. Perpendicular: flip it over and change the sign.
• Dividing a segment G-GPE.B.6 — Find how far across and up the whole segment goes. Take the fraction of each.
• Distance formula G-GPE.B.7 — How far across? How far up? Those are the legs of a right triangle.

G-GMD

• Why volume formulas G-GMD.A.1 — Same cross sections at every height means the same volume.
• Cones and spheres G-GMD.A.3 — Cone or pyramid: base area times height, divided by 3. Sphere: 4/3 × 3.14 × r³.
• Slices and spins G-GMD.B.4 — Picture the shape sweeping round the line. What solid does it trace?
• Scaling area and volume G-GMD.B.5 — Scale by k: lengths × k, areas × k², volumes × k³.
• Triangle side rules G-GMD.B.6 — Any two sides add to more than the third. The biggest angle faces the longest side.

G-MG

• Modeling with shapes G-MG.A.1 — Pick the shape it looks like, then use that shape’s formula.
• Density and rates G-MG.A.2 — Density is how much per one unit of space. Divide the amount by the space.
• Design problems G-MG.A.3 — Try a few shapes. With a fixed fence, the most even shape holds the most.

S-CP

• Events and outcomes S-CP.A.1 — List the outcomes. "Or" joins the lists, "and" keeps what is in both, "not" is the rest.
• Independent events S-CP.A.2 — Two things that do not affect each other: multiply the two chances.
• Meaning of conditional S-CP.A.3 — Given B means only B counts now: P(A and B) over P(B).
• Two-way probabilities S-CP.A.4 — "Given dogs" means the bottom of the fraction is everyone who likes dogs.
• Conditional in words S-CP.A.5 — The part after "given" is the group you start from.
• Conditional probability S-CP.B.6 — Only the group you are told about counts now. They are the bottom of the fraction.
• Addition rule S-CP.B.7 — Add the two chances, then take away the overlap so it is not counted twice.

Reading: 10th grade

Language

• Standard usage L.9-10.1 — Which sentence follows the rules of standard English?
• Kinds of clauses L.9-10.1b — Independent, dependent, noun, relative, adverbial.
• Punctuation choices L.9-10.2 — Pick the mark that makes the meaning clearest.
• Context clues L.9-10.4a — Use the whole passage.
• Word origins L.9-10.4c — Where a word came from tells you its meaning.
• Figures of speech L.9-10.5a — Name the figure, then say what it does for the meaning.

Literature

• Theme through a text RL.9-10.2 — Trace how the theme is shaped by specific details.
• Cultural point of view RL.9-10.6 — How does the narrator's background shape the telling?
• Word choice and tone RL.9-10.4 — How does the diction set the tone?

Informational text

• Purpose and rhetoric RI.9-10.6 — What does the author want, and how does the language push it?
• Evaluating arguments RI.9-10.8 — Is the evidence relevant and sufficient?
• Historic documents RI.9-10.9 — What theme or concept does the document build?

Reading practice includes 30 short texts at this level, among them 6 science and 6 history passages, with questions that check understanding.

SAT: from 10th grade

From 7th grade, SAT practice can be turned on as a third subject on the same login: a 16-question diagnostic sets a projected score out of 1600, then 10 questions a day on the SAT skills worth the most points, with hints that stop before the answer and timed checks at SAT pace.

How Teach Me uses this list

The check asks a few questions from this grade and the ones around it to find where your child really is, which is often not the grade on the door. Each day's set then comes from the skills they have not got yet. A skill counts as known when they get it right on their own, more than once. Parents see which skills are open and which are solid, and can point the practice at any topic above.

Teach Me is free. It follows the Common Core State Standards for math and English language arts; high school math follows California's traditional pathway (Algebra I, Geometry, Algebra II, Precalculus).

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